Squeeze riveter



E. H. SOUTER SQUEEZE RIVETER Nov. l3,- 1945.

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sQUEEzEmvETEn .Y Eugene E. S-outer, Independence, Mo. Appuauonpembr 1, 1941, serial No; 421,184 l (01.78-41) f f 28 claims.

This invention relates to hand tools ofthe character employed in. riveting or other compressing operations, and has for its primary object to provide a combined hydraulic and pneuf matic squeeze riveter having a number of specially arrangedchambers `with pistons therein,` some of which are operable by compressed air, while others are moved by displacing a volume of the hydraulic portion of thetooi.

One of themost important objectsof this inventionis theprovision of a squeeze riveter having in combination atleast one hydraulically operated piston, and a number of pneumatically operated pistons, at least one of which serves to` move parts of the riveter through a powerstroke, while another is designed to retract said parts to a "set position.

This invention has for 'a further object to provide a combined hydraulic and pneumatic squeeze riveter that is capable of exerting necessary force to performthe job of upsettingthe rivet through the employment of` a relatively small number of parts, all of which are ccmbined in a tool thatis simple in construction, rugged, easy to assemble, and not likely to get out of order.A

Another object of the invention is to provide a portable squeeze riveting machine with manually manipulatable parts formed to cause movement of the several pistons'` thereof in sequence, to accomplish the steps in the cycle of iirst moving the ram against .the rivet with a comparatively light force, thereafter subjecting the ramv to a thrust capable of upsetting the rivet upon which the machine is working, and thereafter retracting the upsetting ram and associated partsal1 of such steps taking placewhile the trigger is' moved through its completepath of travel from and to a normal position.V

Other objects and advantages of the` invention are to provide a squeeze riveter with pistons movable by both hydraulic and pneum'atical power; to provide compensating space for the liquid employed to impart hydraulicpower, by appropriate means within `the housingofthe riveter; and to provide pneumatically operated means for insuring that the'parts ofthe squeeze riveter are in the set position immediately prior to beginning the working cycle.

A further object is to provide aportable `rivetl ing tool operating on the pneumatic-hydraulic principle and including an operating piston` conj necting with force multiplying means for 'performing a riveting operation and which piston and means are located within a hermetically sealed hydraulic compartment provided by the tool.` Another object is -to provide a riveter of the type described wherein the hermetically sealed hydraulic compartment has compensating means to compensate for the hydraulic fluid displaced by the operating piston as a result of a power stroke of said piston.

Anothertobject of theinvention is to provide a.

squeeze riveter of the portable type particularly adapted for use in aircraft manufacture and which will be compact, light in weight, and of rel'- atively small sizefconsidering the power and eff ficiency of the device. f

A vast number. of minor objects are'contem` plated by this invention, ally of which will become apparent to one skilled in the art during the folj lowing description of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein: l l

kFig. 1 is a side elevational view of a squeeze riveter made in accordancek with the present invention. f

Fig. 2 is an inverted edge elevational view of.

the same.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal central sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig.- 2.

Fig. 4 is av longitudinalcross sectional view taken on linev IV-,-IV of Fig. 3. v

Fig.' 5 is a transverse cross sectional view taken on lineV--V of Fig.'3.'

Fig. 6 is a similar cross ,taken engine Fig. 10 is a'fragmentarysectionaliview taken on line X-'X of Fig'. 9.

on line XII-XI of Fig. 3;" and Fig. llis a fragmentary sectional view taken Fig. 12 is afragmentary sectional viewv taken on line. XII- XLI of Fig. 9 looking in the direction ofthe arrow. l I Y 'I'he squeeze riveter contemplated by this invention is designed to occupy a minimum amount of space and therefore. to accomplish construe-v.' r tion which presents working. clearances of "resectional vview taken between cap 22 and section |6 through'V packing nut and tion |4 through packingnut duced dimensions. The manner of combining the parts of the riveter therefore becomes an important factor. f

The housing of the tool is divided into two main groups of partsthe forward part or section, broadly designated by the. numeral I4, carries the hydraulically operated elements, while the rearward section I0 of the `tool contains elements operable by compressed air or similar section il of the housing may be east, forged orotherwise created from metal having strength enough to overcome the pressures established; within the machine. This section 4 comprises a yoke I whereonis mounted a stationary v'anvil 20; a cap 22 that journals longitudinally movable ram 24; and chambers 26,l 20, 20 and 30'.

Ram 24 has a hardened facing member 32 and Cap 22 is mounted upon yoke I6 through' use of cap screws 36 and a gasket 36 is interposed the remaining part of-for- A shoulder 40 on yoke I0 bears against vshoulderf y42 of cap 22 to insure rigidity and assist in overcoming shearing effects upon cap screws Il vduring the operation of the riveter.

Chamber 26 has a breather opening 44 extending to the atmosphere therefrom' and carries a floating,l sealing piston 46, the lconstruction of with a longitudinal central bore |00 from which branches ports |02 and |04'.

Chamber 16 has ports |06 and |00 extending therefrom to place the same -in communication with chamber 6I wherein valve 60 is disposed.

' The forward length of chamber 66 is larger in cross sectional area than the remaining portion thereof to accommodate head ||0 and spring H2. as illustrated in Fig. y3. An annular groove ||4 1in valve rod 90 communicates .with exhaust port |I6-that extends outwardly to the atmos' y phere from chamber 8l as does exhaust port ill.

,Any appropriate means may be employed to manually move valve 90 rearwardly and therefore, the structure about to be described, is merely an example of trigger mechanism capable o! performing the desired function.

is mounted to prevent loss'of liquid through the medium of a packing nut 34 screwthreadedinto -f an internally threaded openinglof cap 22;

which is clearly illustrated in Fig. 3.V Chamberk 20 haslan operating piston 48 slidablymounted therein and joined to a series of interconnected v links 4.9, 50 and 52 located within chamber 29.

,Grooved, depending ears on piston 46 receive the ends respectivemof coupling pintle Si.' This pintle passes through links l2 and link 60.Y While one end of linkin receives pintle 56, the other end thereof bears against pillow block'it positioned in cap 22 below .lug 60,l on link 6l, that is notched to form a cam face'as at 62. The inner end of ram 24 has pin 64 projecting transversely therefrom for engagement by links side respectively of ram 24, y y A A hardened bushing of an inside cross sec,- tional area less than 'the-transverse cross sec-l tional area of chamber 26 is mounted in section |4 by a seating nut 66 and a gasket 69. A pas'- sagel 'I0 joins chamber 26 with'V chamber 2! andi therefore said passage also joins the top cham# ber with the lower parts of chambers 20 and 20.

The cross sectional area ofv rod 'l5 is less than the cross sectional area of'chamber 26.

Section I0 of the tool hasa chamber 'l2 there-A in; a piston 14,' mounted for reciprocation in said chamber 12'; and a displacement rod 'II movable to and from a placewithin chamber y26 of section" 4. `Packing' nut ,11 insures tight seal l. around rod 15;

ment on the part of trigger' |20 will cause longitudinal rearward movement of valve rod 00 because inclined shoulders |26 bearing against laterally extending ears |20 will impart a rearward forcevto valve rod a0, through holder |30, ofwhich said ears are a part. i

'I'here are distinct locations of valve rod 90 and to overcome the possibility of arresting thel movement of valve rod 90. at stages where full register of ports does not occur, a detent |24 isprovided to be forced into notches |26 and |30 formed Vinhead ||0 of valve rod 0 0.

Assuming that the riveter is-in a set or normal 'position when the parts are as illustrated in Fig.

3 and itis the desire ofthe operator to cause .the machine to pass through a complete cycle.

Trigger |20 will be raised, whereupon valve rod I0 will move rearwardly to a position where detent |34 willdrop into notch |36`and port |04 will come' into register'withport |06. Only an instantaneous dwellneed then occur to assure the operatorjthat ram 24 is spaced from anvil 20 a suillcient distance to receive the work.

This first' movement of trigger |20 positions valv'e'rod90 in a place where way 68 is in com- Another chamber 'i6 carries retractor pistonfil .from which forwardly proflects piston rod 00 having an opening 82 therethrough for the reception of lug 60.' -Piston rods00 extends Aoutwardlyfrom chamber siidabiyreceives'vaiverod so specially formed to control the flow ofcompressed air fed tothe riveter through hose 82 joined to into secl section i6 by fitting 9 4. A port 06 Joins chamber 88 and chamber 12 at 1a point immediately adjacent to one end ofthe latter. L

A way 00 provided invalve Il communicates municatlon with coupling 94 and compressed air is passing from hose 92 through way 98, borel |00. port |04 and port |06.` Continued pressure upon trigger |26 will further move valve rod 90 to a piace where way 00 is still in communication with coupling 64 'and compressed air ispassing from hose fthrough way", bore |00, port |02,and

port.|00.' Inthisposition, ports |04 and |06 j areoutof register and the reducedportion of valve '9 0 about which spring ||2l is coiled, hasv passedport |00 and port lil to rplace the same `into, communication. In such condition, piston' l0 will Vreceive the force of compressed airand move alongchamberfl to cause theseries oi to move'from theposition shown in Fig. 3, l toward that position shown in Flg. 9. Lug i will-be engaged by the end of piston rod 8| to vze accomplish this movement of parts, and piston 46 will bedrawn downwardly as seen in Fig. 3, as

a distance suiligeris not further depressed, no damage can be done.

`Such oil or liquid as is displaced by the downward movement of piston 48 will be drawn upwardly through passage 10 into the upper portion of chamber 30 through chamber 26.

When it has been determined that the relative position of riveter and work is proper, trigger |20 is further depressed and valve rod 90 is moved to close port v|08 and place into communication port 96.and way 98.` The length 4of way 98 isgreat enoughto permit this movement without cutting off the supply of air fromk hose 92. When way 98 has interconnected port 96 and hose 92, compressed air from the source of supply, not here shown, ows into chamber 12 behind piston 14 to drive the same forward where displacement rod 15 enters chamber 26.

The areaof piston 14 is much greater than the area of the end of `displacement rod 15,..and therefore, the force is multiplied within chamber 26 and Iexerted against piston 48. As displacement rod 15 moves into chamber 26, 'it closes the end of Vpassage 10 to prevent flow of liquid therethrough. 'I'he tightsliding t between bushing 66 and rod 15 precludes the escape of liquid from chamber 26 and-a suflicient force is exertedthrough piston 48J links 49, 50 and 52 to ram 24 to'perform the work. When piston 14 has been moved vthrough its path of travel in one direcy. tion, the position of links 49, 50 and 52 are as illustrated in Fig. 9. Link 49 has its ends contoured to slidably engage the ends of-.ram 24 and link 50 between links 52. This link (49) will relieve pintle 56 and pin 64 of a force that might otherwise prove destructive but which'is necessary to transmit suflicient power toram 2.4.

At this juncture,'trigger |20 is released, springA ||2 returns valverod 90 to the position sho'wn in Fig. 3. During the return movement of valve 90, ports |04l and |06 come into registerbefore -way 98 leaves a position in communication with hose 92. Compressed air passing into chamber 18 in front of piston 18 retracts said piston, its rod 80, links 49, and 52 and piston 48 toa/set condition. Obviously, a pause is desirable when ports |04 and |06 are in register to permita sufilcient amount of air v,to enter chamber 16 for the purpose'just described.

The upward movement of piston 48 exerts yforce against the end of displacement rod 15 to return that rod and piston 14 to their set position.

While piston 18 is being so retracted, air in chamv ber 16 is exhausted throughannular groove ||4 and exhaust port ||6. Air from within chamber 12 is exhausted therefrom through port 88 and` chamber 88 that is open at its rear end to the atmosphere.

The inclined faces of lug 60, formed by notch 82, cooperate with the inclined or cam face of piston rod as piston 18 is retracted to insure a sufilcient force upon the links and piston 48 to lift tions of the cooperating inclined faces is shown in Fig. 9. f

the same'and retract ram 24. 'I'he relative posi- 'The employment of parts as described above,

-insures ay complete operating cycle without rthe f necessity of manually machine. i Y

The forward section |4 .of the' tool essentially provides a hermetically sealed compartment containingan hydraulic medium and withinv which compartment 'is located a piston 48 andy the resetting any parts ofthe toggle means including the links 49, A50 and 5|.

Whereas, the hydraulic medium in the top chamber 28 is` subjected to high operating pressures, the pressures developed on the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber 28 are relatively lowland said pressuresare maintained substantially uniform by reasonof the' expansible means in the form of the floating piston 46. Mechanical equivalents may be substituted for said floating piston since it is only necessary to provide a variable space to compensate fcr'the hydraulic me?- dium displaced by the operating piston as a result of a power stroke ofy said piston.' The bypass 10 provides thesole connecting passage bef tween the high ,pressure chamber 26 and the low pressure chamber 28. Said passage has particular utility when the operating piston 481s moved downwardly by actuation of the toggle means through piston rod 80 to initially move the ram. The displaced liquid as a' result of this downward movement'. of Vthe operating piston passage 10 tosupple-I flows upwardly through. ment the liquid in the top chamber.

Compressed air in conjunction with a liquid,

perform the duty ofimparting force to the ele' ments during .the power stroke of the rlveter at such increasingly greater degrees as may be necessary to accomplish the work. As rod 15 moves into chamber 26 it closespassage 10 and displaces liquid against the top of piston' 48 to cause downward movement thereof. Floating piston rises in its chamber to provide space for the liquid displaced at the bottom ofpiston4 48.

Compressed air from a source'of supply now commercially available, is all that need be uti- -lized in `successfully operating the squeeze riveter embodying the broad concepts of this inven- 1.' I n a squeeze riveter of ythe character dlay scribed, a housing having a plurality ot chambers formed therein and arranged in two groups; a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinal movement in the housing;. a`series of intercon nected links operablyjoined to the housing and said ram; liquid contained in one group of said chambers; means for supplying air under'presr` sure 'to the second* group of chambers of the housing; an operating piston in a chamber of the onev group of chambers; aoating seal in another chamber of said one group of chambers and setting oil' a liquid-free compartment therein, a driving piston in one of the chambers of(v the second group, having a portion thereof movable into a chamber of the said one group `for displacing a portion of the liquid to drive thev operating piston through a path of travel for moving the links to force the ram in one direction; a retractor piston in a chamber of the sec- Mond group of chambers in connection with the links; and a valve movable to successively direct said air under pressure first against the retrac- .tor piston and then to the driving piston, said floating seal beingmovable within its chamber to vcompensate for liquid displaced by the operating piston during its movement.' l l 'f 2. In a squeeze riveter'of the character' described; a unitary housing-having a plurality of Y Achambersformedtherein; ya work-engaging ram `mounted for longitudinalmovement in the heusing; at least two ci'y the Lchambers being interconnected and both. having liquid` therein; -an operating pistonzin oneof'said--two chambers; a

series oi interconnected links operably Joined to the housing, the ramand the piston: a power piston in. another or said chambers; a Vdisplacement rod on the power piston movable to a position within theother of said two chambers to vd x'ivethe operating piston in one direction to movethe rain; a retractorlpiston in still another of said chambers; a .rod yjoining the retractor piston/and the series "of links; and'means for selectively controlling the flow ofcompressed air into the chambers having thepower piston and said retractor piston therein. 3

3,111 a squeeze riveter `o1.' the character' described; a housing havingl plurality of chambers formed therein; a work-engaging `ram mounted for longitudinal movement in the housing; at least two of the chambers being interconnected and both having' liquidV therein; an l l operating piston in one oi' said two chambers; a

series of interconnected links operably joined to the housing, the ram-and; the piston;`a power piston in another ofsaid chambers; a displacement rod on thepower piston movable to a posltionwithin the other ofsaid two chambersto drive the operating piston in one direction to move the ram; a retractor piston in still another of said chambers; a rod joining the retractorpiston and the series oflinks; andimeans for selectively controlling the iiow of compressed air into' the chambers having the power piston and said retractor piston therein, said operating piston having its axis perpendicular to the axis of the4 power pistony and the retractor piston,

. 4. In a squeeze riveter of the character de` scribed; a housingA having la plurality of chambers l formed therein; a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinal movement inthe housing; at least two of the chambers being interconnected andfboth havingliquid. therein; an operating piston in one of said two chambers; a

series of interconnected links operably joined to f the housing theram and? the piston; a power piston in another of said chambers; -a displacement rod on the lower pistonmovableto a position within the other of said two chambers to drive the operating piston; in one direction to move the ram; a retractor piston in still another of said chambers; arod joining the -retractor piston and the series of links; land means for selectively controlling the flow 'of compressed air intothe chambers having the power piston and said retractor piston therein, said operatingpis tonhaving` its axis perpendicularto the axisoiy the power piston and the retractor piston,` the ing; liquid in at least two of the chambers being interconnected and vboth 'having liquid therein; an operating piston in one of said two chambers;

.a seriesof interconnected links operably joined to thehousing, the ram and the piston; a power lpistonin another. of said chambers; a displacement rod on the Vpowerl piston movable to a position within the other of said two chambers to drive 'the loperating piston in one direction Ito move the ram; a retractor piston in stillanother of r sad chambers; a rod joining the retractor piston andthe series of links; and` means for selectively controllingthe now of compressed air into the chambers having the power piston .and Said retractor piston therein, said operating piston having itsl axis perpendicular to the axis of the power pistonV and 'theretractor piston, the.

axis or said power piston and the axis or the retractor piston being in parallel relationto one side of the operating piston, said-means for selectively controlling the iiow of compressed air comprising a longitudinally movable valve rod disposedbetween the power piston and said retractor piston;

6.In aj squeeze `riveter of the ycharacter de-V f drive the' operating piston in one direction to move the ram; a retractor piston in still lanother of said chambers; a rod joining the retractor piston and the series of links; and means for selectively controlling the flow of compressed air y intothe chambers having the power piston and axis of said power piston and the axis of the retractor piston being in parallel relation to one side ofthe operatingpiston'.` Y l 5,'In 'a squeeze riveter of the character described; a housing having a plurality of chambers formed therein; a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinal movement in the houssaid retractor piston therein, saidoperating piston having rits axis perpendicular to the axis of the power piston and the retractor piston. the axis of said power pistonand the axis of the retractor piston being in parallel relation to one side of the operating piston, said means for selectively controlling the flow' of compressed air comprising a longitudinally movable valve rod disposed between the power piston and said retractor piston, said valve rod vbeing' provided with ways for the passage of compressed air into.

the chambers containing the powerplston' and said retractor vpiston-from a source'of supply.

'1. In a squeezeriveter of the character described, ahousing having a plurality of interconnected chambers formed. therein; a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinalv movement in the housing; liquid in said interconnected chambers; an operating piston in one of the chambers and submerged inthe liquid; a pneumatically operated member for displacing a vol' l ume of the-liquid' to one side of the piston to move the piston in one direction; structure' joinl l ing the ram and said operating piston wheref by movement of the piston is transmitted to the ram; and an equaiizing chamber for receiving displaced liquid at the opposite side of the operating piston due to movement of said piston.

8. In a squeeze' riveter of thel character described, a housing having a plurality of cham' bers i'ormed therein and interconnected 'to establish an endless passage; awork-engagingram mounted forlongitudinal movement in the nousl chambers for' :displacing a volume of liquid to one side of the pistontc move the same in one direction through.;V the endless passage; and, an equalizingchamber in communication with the endless passage tor receiving displaced liquid .'due to movement of the means, said means for displacing a volume iiuid in -the chambers; movable longitudinally inthe housing; lever mechanism engaging said' ram and adaptedv to move the same; a duid actuated piston in one of the-chambers `to provide force to move the lever mechanism and thereby shift the ram in the path of travel; a displacement rod movable' `into a second .chamber to force fluid against oi liquid serving to stop the ilow of liquid through l the endless passage from the other side oi' theoperating piston during the displacing operation. y 9. In a squeeze riveter of the character described, a `support, a work engaging ram movable longitudinally on said support, a toggle having a pivot fixed with respect to said support, said toggle including a forwardly projecting member engaging vsaid rainv and an intermediate knuckle adapted to receive .actuating force, a iluid actuated piston lto provide said actuating force, and pressure operated means to initially extend said toggle. A v

10. In a squeeze riveter of the character des scribed, a support,` a work engaging ramv movable longitudinally on said support, a toggle having a pivot fixed with respect to said support, said toggle including a forwardly projecting member engaging said ram and an intermediate -knuckle adapted to receive actuating force, a iiuid actuated piston toprcvide said actuating force, and additional means to initially extend said toggle. v

1l. In a squeezeriveter of the character. de-

scribed, a support, a work engaglng'ram movable longitudinally on said support, a toggle having a pivot ilxedwith respect to said-sup port, said toggle including a forwardly projecting member engaging said ram and an intermediate knuckle adapted to receive actuating force. '40

a uid actuated piston to provide such actuating lforce, an 'expansible fluid lactuated pump t0 provide uid for actuating said piston and separate pressure operated means to initially extend saidtoggle.

12. In a squeezel riveter of the character described, a support, a work engaging raml movable longitudinally on said support, a toggle havt i ing a pivot iixed with respectto said support, said toggle including a forwardly projecting member engaging said ram and an intermediate knuckle adapted to receive actuating force,

a iuid actuated piston tofprovide suchy actuating force, an expansible fluid actuated pump to provide duid for actuating said piston and separate pressure operated means to initiallyuexmoving the links to force the ram in one directhe said piston;

-qf in another of the anda sealing piston in athird chamber movable toward and from the bottom of the chamber to compensate for the iiuid displaced by the piston, said third chamber having a breather opening in communication with the atmosphere toimaintain atmospheric Vpressure against `one side of thesealing piston as 'the bears against the opposite side thereof.

15. Ina squeeze riveter of the character de scribed, Va `housinghaviirig a. plurality oi chambers formed therein; certain of the chambers being interconnected and having liquid therein; a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinal movement in the housing; a series of interconnected linksl operably joined to the housing and said ram; means for liquid in one of the certain-chambers; an operating piston having liquid against each end there- .certain chambers for moving the links to force theram in onedirection when the liquid is displaced; a retracting piston in another of said chambers other than the cerof when the retracting piston draws the ram lin y the said opposite direction.

16. In asqueeze riveter of the character described, a housing having a plurality oi chambers formed therein; certain of the chambers being interconnectedrand having liquid therein;

a work-engaging ram mounted -forlongitudinal l Vmoveirnent in the housing; a series of interconnected. links operably joined to the housing and said ram; means for displacing a portion of the liquid in one ofl the 'certain chambers; an operating piston having liquid against each end thereof in another of the certain chambersfor tion when the liquid is displaced; a retracting tend said toggle, comprising an arm on saidl toggle and a iiuid actuated piston engaging said arm.

"13. In a squeeze riveter of the character `de' scribed, a housing having a plurality of'interconnectedchambers formed therein; a work engaging ram movable longitudinally in the yhous- -piston is another of said chambers other than the 'certain' chambers for moving the links to draw the ram in the opposite direction; means for supplying motivating uid to the chamber having the retracting piston therein; a valve for controlling the supply of motivating iiuid; and a bypass formed to permit ilow of liquid from one end oi' the operating piston to the other end thereof `when the retracting piston draws the ram in the `said opposite direction, said above mentioned ing; lever mechanism engagingV saidl ram and 'v adapted to move the same; a fluid actuated piston in one of the chambers to provide force to move the lever mechanism and thereby shift the ram in its path oi travel; and a sealing piston in a second chamber, said second chamber having a breather opening in communication with the atmosphere to maintain atmospheric pressure against one side of the sealing piston.

14. In a squeeze riveter of the character described, a housing having a plurality oi interconnected chambers iormed therein; a illling oi 'means for displacing the liquid in one, of the certain chambers automatically closing the by- 'pass upon 'initial movement thereof in a liquid displacing direction and said means opening Ythe of return movementto orig-` by-pass as a result inal position.v

17. In a riveting tool of the portable type, a

forward section providing a-sealed compartment containing an hydraulic medium, a work-engaging'ram mounted for movement in a wall oi said compartment. an operating piston within said compartment arranged to divide the compartment into two chambers communicating with a lwork-engaging ram displacing a portion of the the chamber having` opposite ends of the piston respectively, means for intensifying the hydraulic pressure in one chamber to etfect a working stroke of the piston, force multiplying means within the other chamber having connection with the ramand also having association with one end ci said piston in a man-l ner whereby the working stroke of the piston will cause movement of said "ram, and compensating means for the last mentioned chamber to com# -f pensate forthe hydraulic medium displaced by thew'orking stroke of-said piston. 'i 18. In -a riveting tool of theportable type.' a`

forward section providing a vsealed compartment containinglan hydraulic medium, a .work-engaging ram mounted for movement in a wall of said compartment, anoperating piston within said compartment arranged to divide the compart-f ment into two chambers communicating with opposite endsof the piston respectively, a passage normally connecting the chambers so thathydraulic medium from yone lchamber may flow into the ,other chamber, meansfor-'intensiiying the ing a plurality of interconnecting chambers, an

operating'piston mounted for movement within one `of said chambers, said Ipiston being'located -centrally whereby the other chambers are above andbelow the piston'respectively, a work-engaging ram mounted for movement'in av wall of said lower chamber. toggle means within the lower chamber adJacent the lower end of the piston.

said toggiemeans including a plurality of. connected links operatively joining thepiston and the ram whereby a working stroke of the piston will move the toggle means'toward a straight line position to' causer movement of the ram, the upper VVchamber Acontaining an hydraulic, l lmedium;v and hydraulic pressure in one chamber to eiiect a f working stroke of the ipiston, said meansupon initial'v actuation thereof closing said passage.

force 'multiplying means within the other chamber having connection with the ram and also havf ing association with Vone end `of said piston in a `manner whereby a working stroke of the pistonv will cause movement of said ram, and compensating means for thelast mentioned chamber to compensate forv the hydraulic medium displaced by the working stroke of said piston. y 19. A riveting tool of the portable type. al i'orward section providing a sealed compartment' containing an hydraulic medium, a work-engaging ram mounted for longitudinal movementin l a wall of saidcompartment, an operating piston within said compartment arranged to moveV no1- mal to the direction of movement of the ram, said operating piston ydividing the compartment into two chambers communicating with opposite ends of the piston respectively, Ka passagel normally vconnecting the chambers so that hydraulicl medium from one chamber may ilow into the other.

chamber, pneumatically actuated means fory intensifying the hydraulic pressure in one chamr meansfor intensifying the hydraulic pressure in the upper'chamber to eifect a working stroke oi" the piston.v

-22. Ina rivetingtoollof the portable type, a, forward section providing a compartment includi ing a plurality -of interconnecting chambers, an Y operating piston mounted for movements within one of said chambers, said piston being located centrally whereby the other chambers are above 'and below the piston'respectively, a work-engaging ram mounted for ,movement in awall of said lower chamber; a piston rod also mounted for movementin a wall of said lower, chamber but,

spaced from said ram.` toggle means within the lower chamber adjacent the lower end of the cperating piston, said`toggle means including a,"

plurality of connected links operatively joining the ram and -the piston rod with the operating piston, pneumatically actuatedy means for moving the pistonrod -to eiiect initial movementof the ram for engaging a rivet. and other means having associated relation with the upper chamber for eiecting a. working strokejof the piston to additionally move s operating piston mounted for movement'withinv s one of said chambers. said piston being located` ber to eilect a working stroke of the piston, said means upon.initial actuation'thereof automatically closing said passage; toggle means'- within the other chamberr having connection with the ram and also having-association with an end of said piston in a manner whereby a working stroke of the piston will Lvmove said toggle toward a straight line position to cause movementof said j ram, andgexpansible means for the last men-v tioned chamber to` compensate for Athe hydraulic' medium displaced bythe working stroke of said piston.

zo. ma 'riveting m01 or the 'portable type, a

operation. l v

23. `m a rivetingv tool or the portable type,v a forward section providing a compartment including a pluralityv ofI interconnecting chambers, an

centrally whereby the other chambers are above and below the piston' respectively.' liquid in said `compartment in contact with respective 'ends of the piston, a passage normally connecting the upper and lower chambers so that the liquid may ilow from one chamber into the other. a workengaging ram'mounted lfor movement in a wall of the Alower chamber, force multiplying means within said lower chamber adjacent the lower,l

end oi the piston and having connection withthe f pistonand ram'respec'tively, and reciprocating forward section providing a compartment including a plurality of interconnectingchambers, .an

operating piston mounted for movement within one of said chambers, said piston being located centrally whereby the other chambers are above y and below the piston respectively; a work-engaging ram mounted for movement in a wall of the lower chamber, force multiplying means within the lower chamber adjacentI the ,lower end of4 the piston and having connection with the pis-1 ton and ram respectively, the upper chamberrcontainingl an hydraulic medium, and means forintensifying the hydraulic pressure in the:upperjA75 chamber to effect a working stroke of the piston displacement means constructed and arranged -to have movement through the passage and intothe upper chamber for intensifying the hydraulic 4pressure in the upper chamber to effect a working stroke-of the piston whereby said force multiplying means is actuated to cause movement of the ram.' said means 4automatically sealing oft said passage from the'upper chamber upon initial y actuation thereof Vas a result of movement through'.l

said passage.

24. In a squeezeriveter ofthe character de?v scribed, a housing having a plurality of interconnected chambers formed therein; a work-engag- `ing ram longitudinally movable 1n the housing; Y

liquid nllingall butone of said chambers; an operating piston having connection with the ram,

the ram for completing the riveting in one oi the chambers; a pneumatically operated 26. In a rlveter of the character demember for displacing a volume oi liquid in the scribed, a housing having a plurality oi interconinterconnected chambers to move the piston in nected chambers formed therein; a work-engagone direction; and means in said one chamber to ing ram longitudinally movable in the housing: compensate for the displacement ci' the liquid 5 liquid nlling all but one oi said chambers; an opdue to movement oi' the operating piston. erating pn, having connection with the ram,

25. In a squeeze riveter oi the character dein one ci the t u a pneumatically operated scribed, a housing havinga plurality of interconmember for displacing a volume of liquid in the nected chambers formed therein; a work-engaginterconnected chambers to move the piston in ing ram longitudinally movable in the housing; l0 one direction; and a seal in said one chamber liquid filling all but one oi said chambers; an dividing a portion thereof from that portion conoperating piston having connection with the ram. taining the liquid, said seal being shiitable upon in one of the chambers; a pneumatically opermovement of the piston to permit the one chamated member for displacing a volume oi liquid in ber to receive liquid displaced by the piston as it the interconnected chambers tc move the piston 15 travels in said one direction, said interconnected in one direction; and a seal in said one chamber chambers being sealed, the portion of one chdividing a portion thereof from that portion conber divided from the liquid by said seal being taining the liquid, said seal being shiftable upon open to the atmosphere movement of the piston to permit the one chamber to receive liquiddisplaced by the piston as 20 EUGENE H. *"1"* it travels in said one direction. 

